The world has experienced a dramatic urbanisation trend. Today, more than 55% of the global population lives in urban areas. Megacities — cities with populations exceeding 10 million — face unprecedented challenges related to infrastructure, pollution levels, and social inequality.
Urban sprawl — the unplanned expansion of cities — leads to the loss of agricultural land and increased traffic congestion. Gentrification transforms neighbourhoods but often displaces low-income residents who cannot afford rising cost of living. These processes create contrasts between residential areas and commercial districts.
The concept of smart cities has emerged as a potential solution. Cities like Copenhagen and Barcelona have implemented zoning regulations and created extensive green spaces to combat pollution and enhance pedestrian zones. However, such initiatives require substantial investment.
Rural-urban migration continues to drive city growth, as people seek opportunities. This contributes to overcrowding and increases homelessness. The mismatch between population density and available housing has made affordable housing increasingly scarce.
Urban regeneration projects revitalise declining areas. Successful urban planning that balances sustainable city development with economic growth remains critical. Properly managed, urbanisation can create vibrant, efficient urban centres with distinctive skylines.
Some people think it is better to live in cities, while others believe the countryside is better. Discuss both views and give your own opinion. Write at least 250 words.